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Saturday, July 6, 2013

First. Adhesive fabric (Fabric Glue). Was produced to be used for material fabric By this time the adhesive will not harm the skin. And less time to dry. Two. Glucosamine super glue (Super Glue). Perhaps we could call this type of glue that "Glue CA" production of chemicals called cyanobacteria acrylate. You are the glue that hold the joint practice is quite tight and dry within 10 to 30 seconds by just one square inch of adhesive...
In the year 1951 Dr.Harry Coover has partnered with Dr.Fred Joyner led the cyanobacterium acrylate compounds to new research by the then Dr.Harry Coover moved to the Kodak Company. The Eastman Company in the State of Tennessee, USA Tel. During which they are conducting research on the heat resistance of Acrylate polymers. (Acrylate-polymer) for use in the roof (Canopies) of the jet on Dr.Fred Joyner growing film material for ethyl acrylate cyanobacterium. (Ethylcyanoacrylate) crystalline substance, he has seen it happen more...
When the fracture of materials. Or that we want to connect two materials together. We often use a chemical one. Which has the ability to help coordinate things. Them with good adhesion. Chemicals that help to coordinate this, we often refer to it as the "glue" itself. Mostly by adhesive material containing polymer is poly (Polymer), which is composed of subunits called monomers (Monomer) concatenating a long chain molecules. Similar to the paper clip to clamp together. The adhesive was then. Because of...

Tuesday, June 11, 2013

Thermal insulation From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Mineral wool Insulation, 1600 dpi scan against the grain Thermal insulation is the reduction of heat transfer (the transfer of thermal energy between objects of differing temperature) between objects in thermal contact or in range of radiative influence. Thermal insulation can be achieved with specially engineered methods or processes, as well as with suitable object shapes and materials. Heat flow is an inevitable consequence of contact between objects of differing temperature....
Clothing of Thermal insulation Clothing can help control the temperature of the human body. To offset high ambient temperature insulation, clothing can enable sweat to evaporate (thus permitting cooling by evaporation). The billowing of fabric during movement can create air currents that increase evaporation and cooling. A layer of fabric then insulates slightly and can help keep skin temperatures to a cooler level. To combat low ambient temperatures, a thick insulation is desirable to reduce conductive heat loss. Other things...
Mechanical systems  Thermal insulation applied to exhaust component by means of plasma spraying Space heating and cooling systems distribute heat throughout buildings by means of pipe or ductwork. Insulating these pipes using pipe insulationreduces energy into unoccupied rooms and prevents condensation from occurring on cold and chilled pipework. Pipe insulation is also used on water supply pipework to help delay pipe freezing...
Factors influencing performance Insulation performance is influenced by many factors the most prominent of which include: Thermal conductivity ("k" or "λ" value) Surface emissivity ("ε" value) Insulation thickness Density Specific heat capacity Thermal bridging It is important to note that the factors influencing performance may vary over time as material ages or environmental conditions change. Calculating requirements Industry standards are often rules of thumb, developed over many years, that offset many conflicting goals: what people...

Monday, May 27, 2013

Portland cement blends Portland cement blends are often available as inter-ground mixtures from cement producers, but similar formulations are often also mixed from the ground components at the concrete mixing plant. Portland blastfurnace cement contains up to 70% ground granulated blast furnace slag, with the rest Portland clinker and a little gypsum. All compositions produce high ultimate strength, but as slag content is increased, early strength is reduced, while sulfate resistance increases and heat evolution diminishes. Used as an economic...
Non-Portland hydraulic cements Pozzolan-lime cements. Mixtures of ground pozzolan and lime are the cements used by the Romans, and can be found in Roman structures still standing (e.g. the Pantheon in Rome). They develop strength slowly, but their ultimate strength can be very high. The hydration products that produce strength are essentially the same as those produced by Portland cement. Slag-lime cements. Ground granulated blast furnace slag is not hydraulic on its own, but is "activated" by addition of alkalis, most economically using lime....

Wednesday, April 10, 2013

Non-Portland hydraulic cements Pozzolan-lime cements. Mixtures of ground pozzolan and lime are the cements used by the Romans, and can be found in Roman structures still standing (e.g. the Pantheon in Rome). They develop strength slowly, but their ultimate strength can be very high. The hydration products that produce strength are essentially the same as those produced by Portland cement. Slag-lime cements. Ground granulated blast furnace slag is not hydraulic on its own, but is "activated" by addition of alkalis, most economically using lime....
Portland cement blends Portland cement blends are often available as inter-ground mixtures from cement producers, but similar formulations are often also mixed from the ground components at the concrete mixing plant.[35] Portland blastfurnace cement contains up to 70% ground granulated blast furnace slag, with the rest Portland clinker and a little gypsum. All compositions produce high ultimate strength, but as slag content is increased, early strength is reduced, while sulfate resistance increases and heat evolution diminishes. Used as an economic...
Portland cement Main article: Portland cement Cement is made by heating limestone (calcium carbonate) with small quantities of other materials (such as clay) to 1450 °C in a kiln, in a process known as calcination, whereby a molecule of carbon dioxide is liberated from the calcium carbonate to form calcium oxide, or quicklime, which is then blended with the other materials that have been included in the mix. The resulting hard substance, called 'clinker', is then ground with a small amount of gypsum into a powder to make 'Ordinary Portland...
Modern cements Modern hydraulic cements began to be developed from the start of the Industrial Revolution (around 1800), driven by three main needs: Hydraulic cement render (stucco) for finishing brick buildings in wet climates. Hydraulic mortars for masonry construction of harbor works, etc., in contact with sea water. Development of strong concretes. In Britain particularly, good quality building stone became ever more expensive during a period of rapid growth, and it became a common practice to construct prestige buildings from the new industrial...
Early uses It is uncertain where it was first discovered that a combination of hydrated non-hydraulic lime and a pozzolan produces a hydraulic mixture (see also: Pozzolanic reaction), but concrete made from such mixtures was first used by the Ancient Macedonians and three centuries later on a large scale by Roman engineers. High Temperature Cement.  They used both natural pozzolans (trass or pumice) and artificial pozzolans (ground brick or pottery) in these concretes. Many excellent examples of structures made from these concretes...
For other uses, see Cement (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Concrete. Lafarge cement plant in Contes, France. In the most general sense of the word, a cement is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens independently, and can bind other materials together. The word "cement" traces to the Romans, who used the term opus caementicium to describe masonry resembling modern concrete that was made from crushed rock with burnt lime as binder....

Thursday, March 21, 2013

Ceramic tile adhesive is mainly available in two forms: mastic and thin set. Mastic adhesive is a premixed adhesive that can be directly applied, while thin set is a powder that must be mixed and left to sit for several minutes before using. The premixed adhesive is applied in areas where moisture will not be an issue, such as backsplashes in kitchens or wall tile. Thin set is applied in bathrooms because it is moisture-resistant. It is not typically used on walls because it takes longer to bond. Mastic is only suitable...
Mastic adhesive is made from the sticky resin of the mastic tree, which grows in the Mediterranean. Because of its sticky nature, it is used as a bonding agent in many commercial applications. Some types include construction adhesive, industrial adhesive, and ceramic tileadhesive. Depending on the application, the adhesive is available in thin liquid, thick glue, or paste form. When used in construction, mastic adhesive is typically in liquid form and applied with a caulking gun. The adhesive is squeezed...

Wednesday, February 27, 2013

New method of growing high-quality graphene promising for next-gen technology (Nanowerk News) Making waves as the material that will revolutionize electronics, graphene – composed of a single layer of Carbon atoms – has nonetheless been challenging to produce in a way that will be practical for innovative electronics applications. Researchers at UC Santa Barbara have discovered a method to synthesize high quality graphene in a controlled manner...
High-temperature superconductors (abbreviated high-Tc or HTS) are materials that behave as superconductors at unusually high temperatures. The first high-Tc superconductor was discovered in 1986 by IBM researchers Karl Müller and Johannes Bednorz, who were awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Physics "for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials". Whereas "ordinary" or metallic superconductors usually...

Thursday, January 31, 2013

Economic importance In the course of time and during their development, adhesives have gained a stable position in an increasing number of production processes. There is hardly any product in our surroundings that does not contain at least one adhesive – be it the label on a beverage bottle, protective coatings on automobiles or profiles on window frames. Market researchers forecast a turnover of almost US$50 billion for the global adhesives market in 2019. Especially the dynamic economic development in emerging countries...
Economic importance In the course of time and during their development, adhesives have gained a stable position in an increasing number of production processes. There is hardly any product in our surroundings that does not contain at least one adhesive – be it the label on a beverage bottle, protective coatings on automobiles or profiles on window frames. Market researchers forecast a turnover of almost US$50 billion for the global adhesives market in 2019. Especially the dynamic economic development in emerging countries...
History Of Adhesive The oldest known adhesive, dated to approximately 200,000 BC, is from spear stone flakes glued to wood with birch-bark-tar, which was found in central Italy.[4] The use of compound glues to haft stone spears into wood dates back to approximately 70,000 BC. Evidence for this has been found in Sibudu Cave, South Africa and the compound glues used were made from plant gum and red ochre. The Tyrolean Iceman had weapons fixed together with the aid of birch-bark-tar glue. 6000-year-old ceramics show evidence of adhesives based...
An adhesive, also known as glue, is a material, typically liquid or semi-liquid, that adheres or bonds items together. Adhesives come from either natural or synthetic sources. The types of materials that can be bonded are vast but adhesives are especially useful for bonding thin materials. Adhesives cure (harden) by either evaporating a solvent or by chemical reactions that occur between two or more constituents. Adhesives are useful for joining thin or dissimilar materials, minimizing weight, and providing a vibration-damping joint....

Tuesday, January 22, 2013

Mesh        Mesh consists of semi-permeable barrier made of connected strands of metal, fiber, or other flexible/ductile material. Mesh is similar to web or net in that it has many attached or woven strands Types of mesh A plastic mesh is extruded, oriented, expanded or tubular. Plastic mesh can be made from polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, PVC or PTFE. A metal mesh can be woven, knitted, welded, expanded, photo-chemically etched or electroformed (screen filter) from steel or other metals.In clothing, a mesh is often defined...
High temperature insulation Calcium silicate     Calcium silicate (often referred to by its shortened trade name Cal-Sil or Calsil) is the chemical compound Ca2SiO4, also known as calcium orthosilicate and sometimes formulated 2CaO.SiO2. It is one of group of compounds obtained by reacting calcium oxide and silica in various ratios[3] e.g. 3CaO•SiO2, Ca3SiO5; 2CaO•SiO2, Ca2SiO4; 3CaO•2SiO2, Ca3Si2O7 and CaO•SiO2, CaSiO3. Calcium orthosilicate is a white powder with a low bulk density and high physical water absorption. It is used as...
Natural adhesives       Natural adhesives are made from organic sources such as vegetable matter, starch (dextrin), natural resins or from animals e.g. casein or animal glue. They are often referred to as bioadhesives. One example is a simple paste made by cooking flour in water. Animal glues are traditionally used in bookbinding, wood joining, and many other areas but now are largely replaced by synthetic glues. Casein is mainly used to adhere glass bottle labels. Starch based adhesives are used in corrugated board production and...
Synthetic adhesives      Synthetic adhesives are based on elastomers, thermoplastics, emulsions, and thermosets. Examples of thermosetting adhesives are: epoxy, polyurethane, cyanoacrylate and acrylic polymers. See also post-it notes. The first commercially produced synthetic adhesive was Karlsons klister in the 192...